What is NOT included in life sustaining measures?

The correct response identifies that blood transfusion is not considered a life-sustaining measure in the same way as the other listed options. Life-sustaining measures typically refer to interventions that maintain life by directly supporting vital functions and processes in the body.

CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a critical emergency procedure aimed at restoring breathing and circulation in individuals who have suffered a cardiac arrest. Similarly, assisted ventilation supports or replaces a patient's natural breathing when they are unable to breathe adequately on their own, ensuring that oxygen is delivered to the lungs and the carbon dioxide is expelled effectively.

Artificial nutrition involves providing nourishment via methods such as feeding tubes when a patient is unable to consume food orally or digestively. This is a fundamental support mechanism that sustains life by ensuring that the body receives essential nutrients.

In contrast, blood transfusion, while it may be necessary in various medical situations, is generally seen as a supportive measure rather than a direct life-sustaining intervention. It plays a role in restoring blood volume or correcting blood component deficiencies but does not directly support the ongoing function of vital organ systems in the same manner as CPR, assisted ventilation, or artificial nutrition. Therefore, it does not fit the typical definition of life-sustaining