What does the ethical principle of discontinuing an experiment involve?

The ethical principle of discontinuing an experiment primarily involves allowing participants the autonomy to choose to leave the study without facing any negative consequences. This respects the rights of participants and upholds ethical standards regarding informed consent and voluntary participation in research.

When participants have the option to withdraw without penalty, it demonstrates a commitment to their well-being and acknowledges that their involvement should be based on their comfort and willingness to continue. This principle also supports the ethical framework that prioritizes the interests and rights of participants over the objectives of the research.

The other options do not perfectly align with this ethical principle. The notion of investigators being restricted to ending an experiment only at predetermined times does not accommodate the participants' autonomy to withdraw. Similarly, while informational transparency is important in research, it pertains to the communication process rather than the direct action of discontinuing participation. Lastly, the idea of foregoing liability for outcomes suggests a disregard for participant safety and accountability on the part of the researchers, which contradicts the fundamental ethical obligations to protect participants.